Review of classical and heuristic-based navigation and path planning approaches

Navigation consisting of two essential components known as localization and planning is the art of steering a course through a medium. Localization matches an actual position in the real-world to a location inside a map; in other words, each location in the map refers to an actual position in the environment. Planning is finding a short, collision-free path from the starting position towards the predefined ending location. This study is a survey which focuses on introducing classic and heuristicbased path planning approaches and investigates their achievements in search optimization problems. The methods are categorized, their strengths and drawbacks are discussed, and the applications in which they have been utilized are explained.